84 tips on how to generate traffic for your website  

January 23rd, 2012

Q: What is traffic?

 

 

 

A: Traffic inadvertently means money, as that is what it equates to if executed wisely. It is in everyone’s interests with a business, to be educated in how to benefit economically. The amount of data sent and received by visitors to a website is classified as internet traffic. The number of visitors and pages browsed at a site, determines the extent and popularity of traffic generated for a website. To increase traffic at an exponential rate, various methods and strategies can be applied. One of which is viral marketing to entice mass visitors to your site. An example of this is Buzzfeed-a viral media site that raised $15.5 million round of series C financing (where the company proved success in the market with potential for expansion and had a history of growing profitability. Hence, their hiring strategy that created revenue and traffic). Also web analytics is an essential tool for monitoring your traffic intake. http://www.google.com/analytics/

 

However caution should be exercised when exploring marketing options as some can do more harm than good i.e. pyramid schemes which are illegal in most countries for fraudulent reasons. These business models promote an ROI (return on investment), sale of services or products to the public. Participants are encouraged to enrol others to the scheme whilst receiving payment for a percentage of people recruited. This formula for financial or asset investment cannot be sustained, as it’s not credible and those at the bottom of the scheme suffer a deficit. Therefore caution should be exercised when researching marketing options.

One of the most effective methods of generating traffic is via advertising. This depends on your budget, as then you can differentiate between opting for paid or unpaid adverts. Broadcasting your website benefits even the most optimal of its kind and is central to propagating awareness. There are both costly and free forms of promotional marketing. Additionally, press releases can maximise your chances of being found on search engines and attracting potential customers. Once you have an advert, it needs to be directed at your target audience. You can choose to pay only when people click (CPC) or see your ad (CPM) (Pay per click/Pay per month/year etc.) Pay per views, is recommended if the site has qualified traffic and enough hits. By advertising on premium sites such as Google, Yahoo, Bing and so forth, these platforms utilise paid advertising campaigns that aim to provide traffic via business searches. Further considerations include strengthening your relationships with others via social media (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube etc.) especially at the right time, if it is a seasonal promotion etc.

 

 

Improving your online visibility this way can also be extended with marketing solutions involving various mediums other than computers. It’s important to invest hard work and diligence in to your website, as generating traffic will not be instant. Aim to submit your site to as many popular search engines as possible. To boost your chances for this, meta-tags should be correct and links fully functional (inbound are most useful). Judicial use of keywords also improves rankings on search engines and is crucial to SEO. Always proof read your content to ensure your grammar and spelling is accurate, otherwise you lose credibility. It is essential to choose a relevant domain name containing the most important keywords. This makes it easier for customers to remember and it is listed as a primary site, as it currently seems to help in ranking. Another tip is to avoid using every decorative measure to detract from a poor quality website as it is perceived as amateur. These are categorised as ‘Christmas tree’ sites, whereby there is over usage of logos, awards and webrings (a circular structure of a collection of websites).

 

 

Further traffic generating techniques include blogs that are a valuable form of article marketing. You can have them submitted on your behalf with Myarticletraffic.com, Ezinearticles.com, Webpronews.com, Goarticles.com, Buzzle.com or Searchwarp.com. Additionally, you can have articles submitted to numerous other blogs and sites for you via Submitedge.com, AMAutomation.com or UAWiz.com.

Submit your website to ezine resources to advertise your business articles to subscribers and publishers, with the possibility to outsource them as well. Ezines is an online form of newsletters, where website owners connect and build relationships with their visitors. This electronic form of magazine publications shares news, updates, website promotions and some features with blogs or online newspapers. Such internet editorials can be differentiated from magazines, as they function within less stringent parameters. Magazines rely on review submission boards that ensure all material is quality controlled. Thus, meeting the expectations of the readers and publishers, who invest time or money in its production.

Other suggestions for increasing your website traffic involves news releases that update users with web periodicals. Also, diversify your traffic source via podcasting or streamed web feeds. Additionally, site maps that contain links between search engines and your website make it easier for your pages to be found. Ensure your webpages revolve around target keywords that are rich in original and timeless content.

 

 

Viral marketing promotional methods are successful when communication spreads exponentially via social networking sites, PR, word of mouth, email, newsletters etc. Devise interesting, fascinating, unusual and fun information that will propel viewers to your website. To enhance your brand and sales, culminating in profitable results – internet campaigns find these particular mediums (Digg.com / YouTube) very useful. Digg is a social bookmarking site that allows users to ‘digg you’, so you appear on the front page, leading to mass visitors at your site in a matter of hours. YouTube is invaluable for video promotion as it can attract viewers at a multitudinous rate.

Another strategy to generate more traffic is via renting targeted, commercial email lists. Be wary of spamming potential clients as that will destroy your reputation and affect the appeal of your services, whilst black listing your domain. You can hire direct marketing companies to provide lists of people that have agreed to receive commercial email messages, therefore avoiding the risk of distributing unsolicited mail. PR Firms are also helpful in creating inertia behind your product or services.

 

 

To improve your online presence, avoid content generators as your team’s creativity on the internet is more useful. Besides, most of the duplicate content websites contain, tends not to show up on search results. Also ensure that your connection is faster, otherwise it can dissuade visitors from remaining on your site. Additionally, submit your website to relevant directories organised by subject. Finally, if you offer a free service or competitions that offer prizes, this provides an incentive to entice visitors.

Therefore if you want to generate traffic, you firstly need to have designed and developed a high quality website. Once uploaded, this will generate visitors organically at a gradual rate from the major search engines. Without working at the prior suggested methods, this will not happen instantaneously or on its own. As long as you are prepared to absorb the cost of hosting, your site will be visible on the internet indefinitely. The money you invest during the inauguration period, could accrue abundantly in the long term. There are also many other free methods as aforementioned, to increasing your internet traffic as well as chargeable campaigns. Rather than applying all these techniques at once, if you begin implementing them increasingly, you can continually grow your business. The following tips summarise the broad range of avenues you can investigate.

 

 

84 Traffic Generating Tips:

  1. Advertising
  2. Viral marketing (avoid scams)
  3. Increase visibility via search engines-Bing, Yahoo, Google etc.
  4. Reach target customers
  5. Deepen relationships with customers, clients, visitors, users
  6. Control your budget
  7. Reach the right people at the right time
  8. Social media- Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn etc.
  9. Messenger, Skype, MSN, Viber, Whatsapp as this communicates your brand to a wider audience.
  10. Media brands-engaging audiences via TV, PC and mobiles (ad solutions)
  11. Import to SEO platforms for international markets
  12. Keyword ranking tools- search index
  13. Good website- hard work and diligence
  14. Favicon (favourite icon)
  15. Submit genre of interests to similar topical directories ie. category targeting
  16. Message boards and guest posting
  17. Dynamic content on website 
  18. Ensure links work
  19. Meta-tags should be correct
  20. Submit site to private search engines and directories
  21. Use banners with care
  22. Subscribe to usenet groups
  23. Advertise to appropriate groups:- Be sure to signup with a backup email or you will get onto every spammers database
  24. Video networking sites and YouTube, Vimeo and Plaxo
  25. Automates submission software (1,000,000 search engine companies)
  26. Buy traffic for your website (niche market indices)
  27. Don’t use pop up advertising
  28. Re-directed traffic via companies or an individual that buys domains and sends them to your old domain instead. Be selective about which domains you accept from these sources or don’t purchase this kind of traffic.
  29. Inbound links
  30. Check grammar and spelling
  31. Avoid dead links
  32. Establish the look and feel for your site (colours used for text, hyperlinks)
  33. Don’t spam 
  34. Avoid images that take a long time to load and flash that does not work on Iphone as well as being phased out
  35. Get a relevant domain name
  36. Avoid ‘Christmas tree’ sites (too busy with logos, awards etc.)
  37. Joint ventures 
  38. Article marketing
  39. SEO-Search Engine Optimisation
  40. Pay per click
  41. Donate prizes to contests
  42. Blogs
  43. Interviews
  44. Business cards
  45. Podcasting
  46. Diversify traffic source other than PPC, SEO, & links from other sites.
  47. Strategies:- keyword rich page.
  48. Ensure your navigation system is search engine friendly
  49. Create a sitemap 
  50. Webpages revolve around target keywords
  51. Use cross platform visual media like html5 video, audio and images in your content
  52. News releases
  53. Include your url on stationary and literature
  54. Develop a free service occasionally
  55. Include signature in email programme
  56. Publish email newsletters
  57. Free Ebooks for some consumers
  58. Affiliate programmes 
  59. List your products with shopping comparison bots and auction sites if you are an ecommerce store
  60. Rent targeted and commercial email lists
  61. Google Adwords
  62. ISV (independent software vendors)
  63. Marketers
  64. Network with large corporations 
  65. Webinars
  66. PR Firms 
  67. Event media sponsorships and sponsored reviews
  68. Create valuable, original and timeless content
  69. Focus on genuinely helping people and the rest will take care of itself
  70. Build a high traffic website by creating in demand content, attracting a target audience, pre-sell those visitors and monetise pre-sold traffic.
  71. Email autoresponder
  72. Know your competition and set yourself apart from them.
  73. Outsource article writing as well as keeping it in house.
  74. Avoid content generators
  75. Never copy and paste from other websites
  76. Ezine directories:
    • Ezinearticles.com
    • Webpronews.com
    • Goarticles.com
    • Buzzle.com
    • Searchwarp.com
  77. Have articles submitted to numerous other blogs & sites for you via Submitedge.com, AMAutomation.com, UAWiz.com
  78. Printed advertising eg. Yellow pages
  79. Networking events:- provide business cards, sign boards, word of mouth.
  80. Start your own online discussion community
  81. Branding-Bumper stickers on your vehicle
  82. Flyers
  83. Connection has to be faster than 5 seconds
  84. A specialised method is to offer sample services eg. Start up packages, cd roms, dvds, screensavers and templates etc.

Photography Interview with Conor McCabe  

November 14th, 2011

 

Q: How did you become involved in photography?

 

A: I started off my career in photography in Whitespace Publishing Group Limited based in Dublin. My job role was to supply business and editorial photography to their newspaper supplements and business magazines.

 

Q: What advice would you give to someone whose interested in starting web and print photography?

 

A: Keep working to develop your craft and keeping an eye on trends and styles of your photography area, and then add your own twist.

 

Q: Do you think you can learn to have a ‘photographic eye’ or is it something that comes naturally?

 

A: I have always believed that you can learn any skill area but some people have to work harder than others to achieve the same result.

 

Q: How many years have you been doing photography?

 

A: Just over 7 years, full time professional.

 

Q: What do you find most interesting to photograph?

 

A: The variety of work and the challenge that you can always do better as a photographer.

 

Q: How would you describe your style?

 

A: Mostly creative, can be quirky at times!

 

Q: What is your essential kit that you shoot with?

 

A: My 5D Mark ii camera with the Canon 70 – 200 Mark ii and 50mm prime F1.2, 580ex ii flash gun, Pocket wizard flash triggers.

 

Q: What is your favourite photograph you have ever taken?

 

A: I have lots of favorite photographs. This photo I took in 2008 of Bosco and Puppeteer Paula Lambert comes to mind. I grew up watching Bosco. I asked him for his autograph.

 

 

 

Q: Any tricks of the trade or personal secrets you have discovered that you could share with others who want to become digital photographers?

 

A: Get your own website developed to suit your work flow and don’t restrict yourself to a particular boring template. Top tip, talk to Peter from Digital Mosaic.

 

Q: Which is the most important camera accessory you would recommend?

 

A: Pocket wizard Flex TT5 and Mini TT1. Great for using off camera flash.

 

Q: Which effects do you lean towards most, when presenting your photographs?

 

A: None, pure form, effects are fades, and photographs are meant to capture a moment in time and not the time when Photoshop took over.

 

Q: Which magazines and websites influence your work and would be beneficial for others to consider?

 

A: I follow other commercial photographers for inspiration i.e www.perou.co.uk www.terrysdiary.com www.chasejarvis.com and other press photographers listed on www.worldpressphoto.org

 

Q: How important is Photoshop in your final images?

 

A: Very important to colour correct, saturate and crop images where necessary.

 

Q: How much does the average photographer spend on equipment?

 

A: Lots and there is always a ‘want’ list.

 

Q: What has been your most memorable assignment and why?

 

 

 

A: I recently worked with Front Line, the international foundation for the protection of human rights, on a mission to the Kingdom of Bahrain. The delegation mission was to pressurise the Bahraini government to release Irish-trained medical staff imprisoned and tortured after a rights demonstration in March 2011. My role was to capture an honest story in photographs of a very sensitive social issue. It was very memorable as I felt I was part of something that had a social impact.

 

Q: If you could shoot anyone in any environment, what would you choose and why? (Using a camera, not a gun!) ;o)

 

A: I would love to be able shoot on location with the BBC team from the Human Planet, a privilege to document something very special.

 

Q: Do you use photo-editing skills on most images you take?

 

A: Yes, done through a manageable workflow.

 

Q: What do you look for when capturing a moment?

 

A: Capturing subjects relevant to their surrounding. Sometimes just an expression will do.

 

Q: What do you find most challenging in photography?

 

A: Light, getting it right is the challenge. Once this is right, composition and ideas come easily for me.

 

Q: What web applications or software do you use for your pictures?

 

A: Photostation from fotoware and photoshelter for web management.

 

Q: Is there anything you would have done differently in your photographic career?

 

A: None, the experience and timing of my freelance career was perfect timing in my life.

 

Q: What is the most interesting thing you have recently learned about photography?

 

A: Flickr has damaged the sale of photography a little. It is now too easy to upload and offer images for free.

 

Q: Which emotion do you think is the most difficult to capture on camera?

 

A: Capturing anxiety is the hardest as a press photographer. Most public speakers are trained to hide it.

 

Q: Did you know that photography comes from the Greek words ‘photos’ meaning ‘light’ and ‘graphy’ meaning ‘drawing’ (drawing with light). As such, how important is the use of flash, video light, reflectors and natural light, during a photo shoot?

 

A: Ok this is a bit airy-fairy but the following stands for something- I read in college that amateurs worry about equipment, professionals worry about cost and masters worry about light. Light plays a basic part in creating an effect that captures the mood in my images.

 

Q: What is your preferred choice of lens?

 

A: Canon 70 – 200mm Mark ii

 

Q: What is your most used Photoshop tool, plug-in, action set etc.?

 

A: Batch automation comes in handy and camera RAW.

 

Q: Which photo apps would you recommend to download on a phone?

 

A: Strobox for the iphone, great for planning studio set-ups

 

Q: What photography equipment is next on your shopping list?

 

A: Lasolite TriFlash Kit

 

Q: What is the process you follow once you have completed a shoot?

 

A: 1. Filing 2.Back up. 3. Getting the images to clients on the day of the shoot to make their selection.

 

Q: Have you ever had anything go wrong during taking pictures and how did you handle it?

 

A: Possibilities of things going wrong are endless when on a commercial job, that’s why experience in this field teaches you how to handle situations to prevent any mishaps!

 

Q: What does it take to be a great photographer?

 

A: A lot of hard work with a strong business mind.

 

Q: Are there any photography seminars or workshops you would recommend?

 

A: Seminars on how to sell and manage your photos online from www.photoshelter.com

 

Q: How do you back up your data?

 

A: NAS drive onsite and a copy off site plus on line back up.

 

Q: How do you copyright your pictures?

 

A: By not letting go of images until getting paid!

 

Q: How important is having a website for your online portfolio?

 

A: Massively important, web presence is the core of my business.

 

Q: Sum up what photography means to you.

 

A: Capturing that image that portrays a story in time where I can look back and be proud of taking that shot.

 

Chapter 6: Typography in Web Design – Interview with Grant Bowden  

September 22nd, 2011

Typography Interview with Grant Bowden: Creative Director of Deep.

 

 

Q: What excites you about typography?

 

A: I could happily write about the never-ending beauty of the letterforms, the utilitarianism of Sans Serifs, the timeless sophistication of Serifs, the elegance of Script Lettering, the no-nonsense of slab serif, the aggression of Black Letter and the myriad of inbetweeners. I could write about the different ways different fonts can make you react to the same word, the way a message can be heightened just by the font it is written in, the way a brand is perceived by the typeface it is set in, and just how God damn powerful typography can be. I could write about the way the word STOP in capitals commands you to do something and you obey, the way Helvetica Medium, range left continually excites on FFFound.com, or even the way the word C*nt was so elegantly portrayed by a hand lettering artist.

I could write about Gotham, Chronicle or Tiffany or why any designer has three favoured fonts at any one time.

I could write about all these things. But at the end of the day its probably because I am such a nerd.

 

Q: Do you regard typography as an unrecognised art form?

 

A: Is it unrecognised? There are enough awards/advocates/students and fans of typography in the world.

Typography by itself is not art, but pure design – it has a function, a means and a purpose. Thats not to say it can’t dip its serifed toes into the stream of art and occasionally be part of that world and appear either brutal, beautiful or thought provoking.

 

Q: How do you transpose print typography to web typography?

 

A: Thank God we now can begin to, with font replacement and Typekit. The typographic hell that was the web is now being reined in and the move towards Apps gives the designer even greater control over the appearance of type. The real typographic challenge on the web (in HTML) is how to present type that can be increased or decreased in size at a whim by the user. Flash allowed typographic freedom but Apple iPads have temporarily put paid to that, but the web is excitingly becoming more expansive in its use of type. Interactive magazines on the iPad is a truly exciting development for typographers. In many ways we should not be trying to transpose print typography to digital projects, as one is static and the others excitement comes from its movement and dynamism.

 

Q: When and why did you develop an interest in the field of typography?

 

A: At college when I thought I was going to be a designer. Why? I think it was when we had a class in which we drew letterforms that I started to understand the inherent beauty in something so ubiquitous.

 

Q: What is the most important aspect of typography?

 

A: Freedom or constraint. Depends on the project, the client and the audience.

 

Q: Which typographer and typography work inspires you?

 

A: I think I have been influenced by many different designers, and my taste changes constantly so its hard to pinpoint anyone that has stayed consistent or I haven’t ‘grown out of’. But influences have been Adrian Frutiger, iD Magazine, 80s Dutch Studio, Vaughn Oliver, Octavo, Emigre, David Carson and more recently Vince Frost, The Partners, and the ever inventive designers in the Deep studio.

 

Q: What is your favourite typeface and why are you ‘font’ of it? ;o)

 

A: You should be ashamed. My favourite font is the next one I fall in love with.

 

Q: Where do you see the future of typography heading?

 

A: As communication hurtles towards more and more onscreen communication, typography has to follow suit and will be presented in a more animated and fluid way.

What will remain true is that a font which was carved into the Trajan columns two centuries ago, or a font designed by the minimalist Bauhaus will still have the same relevance in the future due to the feelings, emotions and memories it evokes.

 

Q: Is there anything else you want to add to this?

 

A: Can I go now?

Chapter 5: Typography in Web Design – Serif & Sans Serif Fonts, Typography as Art.  

September 6th, 2011

Serif and Sans Serif Fonts

Serif fonts such as Times, Georgia or Baskerville are used for large bodies of text as they are more distinctive, familiar and legible. Whereas Sans Serif fonts such as Ariel, Helvetica and Verdana etc. are more effective for low monitor resolutions and therefore applied to captions, headlines and logos. Serifs are distinguishable from Sans Serifs because they have small lines or hooks on the end of characters.

Typography as Art

Typographic art, is typography at its most creative. This is the culmination of space, size, effects, contrast, colour etc. that goes into every aspect of design involving the use of type. Designers not only use type as an effective means of embracing aestheticism but also to convey important messages.

(Tredhunter)

Remember these are not rules, they are merely guidelines. Thus, the fundamental constituents of typography lie in the consideration of contrast, font size, hierarchy, space, widows and orphans, alignment, paragraphs, measure, kerning, negative and positive spacing/tracking, baseline, leading, hyphenation, emphasis, serif and sans serif fonts and typography as art. Consequently, we have the opportunity to breathe life into our web pages with all written communication. Therefore, typography is the most important tool for a graphic designer to visually express electronic forms of information or print through design elements, although there are some limitations with web.

(Continue to Chapter 6: Typography Interview – Grant Bowden, Creative Director of Deep).

Chapter 4: Typography in Web Design – Hyphenation, Emphasis.  

September 6th, 2011

Hyphenation

Hyphenation in typography serves to connect words that are divided when they cannot fit comfortably at the end of typed lines. To avoid fragmented words, hyphens should be placed predominantly between consonants. A useful tip is to ensure that a hyphen is sandwiched between two letters on one line and three on the following line.

Emphasis

Emphasis is a useful tool in typography as it changes the style of words that need to be highlighted from the remaining text. Emphasis methods should not be used too frequently as it disrupts the flow of type. However, the most effective techniques include italics, size, small caps, bold caps and colour. Underlining is not a good example. Colour in typography is not only used for emphasis, it also serves to attract attention, organise content, create a mood and improve readability.

(Continue to Chapter 5: Typography in Web Design - Serif & Sans Serif Fonts, Typography as Art).

Chapter 3: Typography in Web Design – Kerning, Tracking, Baseline, Leading.  

September 6th, 2011

Kerning/Mortising, Negative/Positive Spacing-Tracking

Kerning-also known as mortising, adjusts character spacing in proportional fonts for an aesthetically pleasing result. This is achieved via moving the letters closer together, otherwise referred to as negative spacing. Tracking or positive spacing on the other hand, moves the letters further apart. When a font is kerned correctly, the area of the two-dimensional blank spaces between each pair of characters is similar. Also, part of a type letter that is not aligned with the type block edge beneath it, is classed as a kern.

Baseline

In typography, the baseline is the line upon which most letters rest and those that extend beyond it are descenders. In the example below, the letters sit on the pink baseline where as the surpassing letter ‘g’ is the descender.

Leading

The distance between the baselines of successive lines of type is denoted as leading in typography. The term originated in the days of hand-typesetting, when thin strips of lead were inserted into the forms to increase the line height in type. Leading is still used in modern page formatting software.

(Continue to Chapter 4: Typography in Web Design – Hyphenation, Emphasis).

Chapter 2: Typography in Web Design – Space, Widows & Orphans, Alignment, Paragraphs, Measure.  

September 6th, 2011

Space

Allow your text to speak by having enough negative or white space to envelope it. Another web typography rule is to keep 140% of line spacing in relation to your font size, as specified by the line-height CSS property. In fact the attention to micro space within the type, is the mark of a good designer. Not only is the balance between the surrounding space of the text essential, the macro whitespace that encompasses the body of text is equally important. 

Widows and Orphans

Avoid ‘widows’ and ‘orphans’ and I don’t mean social discrimination. In typesetting terms a ‘widow’ refers to the last line of a paragraph that falls at the beginning of the following column or page, separating it from the remaining text. Where as an ‘orphan’ is the opening line of a paragraph left by itself at the bottom of a page or column. ‘Orphans’ also include a word, partial word, or short line that appears on its own at a paragraph ending. They result in excessive white space between paragraphs or at the bottom of a page.

Alignment

Alignment in typography has four basic formats. Multiple lines of text are aligned flush left, flush right, full justification or centre aligned. Although the edges of justified text may appear neater, this affects the spacing between words so the lines can be structured accordingly. Flush left or centred is more consistent for tracking purposes.

Paragraphs

Paragraphs allow readers to digest written information easier by providing text with composition. This group of topically related sentences are better scanned by readers if concise, by averaging six lines. Indents or line breaks are the most practised method of separating paragraphs. Sub headings also contribute to their visual consumption by adding description.

Measure

Measure denotes the horizontal width of a column. The readability of text is affected by line length as eyes become fatigued from repeated reading of extensive type. This is the reason that editorials are structured into columns. The ideal measure is 40-50 characters (including spaces) for a single column of type. On the other hand, a good measure for multiple columns of text is between 45-75 characters with an average of 66 characters.

 (Continue to Chapter 3: Typography in Web Design – Kerning, Tracking, Baseline, Leading).

Chapter 1: Typography in Web Design – Contrast, Font Size & Hierarchy  

September 6th, 2011

Typography derives from the Greek words (τύπος) typos and (γραφή) graphy, meaning form and writing. In web design it is the technique and art of arranging typefaces, which manifested when Tim Berners-Lee launched the first website in 1991. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/nationaltreasures/2194133/Sir-Tim-Berners-Lee-portrait.html

Contrast

The contrast between typography and background requires consideration of colour and font types. The purpose of text is to be perused and as such, it needs to be formatted in a way that enhances its message. To test that it contrasts enough with your background, screen grab your page. Then open your image editing software and reduce the image to grey-scale. The Canadian typographer, poet and translator Robert Bringhurst, published The Elements of Typographic Style, which has become a classic for typographers.  This guidebook promotes that websites are designed to maximise their content and text: “Typography exists to honour content.” http://webtypography.net/

 

Of these two examples black text against white background, is less of a visual strain then vice versa and as such, books are usually presented this way.

Font Size

Small text became popular amongst graphic designers however, this only hindered the average reader. Therefore, ensure your font size is large enough to be viewed on different sized devices. Avoid setting body text below 12px for web based applications.

The size of typeface is measured by the height of the ascender to the descender. Good font size varies between 9-12 points for body copy. Note that different fonts in the same size will not appear with identical dimensions. Larger fonts are preferable for those with declining eye sight due to old age, so always consider your audience. 

Hierarchy

The hierarchy of type size is of importance in establishing differences in content. Aesthetic boxes and colours may enhance the display of your web page. However consistent type face used throughout your pages will highlight the elements on the page to the readers. This increases your chances of hooking those who read your work for longer. Another way to achieve this is utilising different styles, serif and sans serif faces, capitals, italics or sub-headings.

 (Continue to Chapter 2: Typography in Web Design - Space, Widows & Orphans, Alignment, Paragraphs, Measure). 

HTML5 Videos  

August 1st, 2011

HTML5 video is a movie and video playing element within HTML5, somewhat replacing the object element. This is due to the on-going evolution of support for the video element. As such a standard way has been adopted, to embed video into a web page. Prior to this, the majority of on-line videos had been channelled via third party plug-ins. Flash (as used by Youtube), Real-player and Quick-time are all examples of video plug-ins integrated with your browser. HTML5 video supports these video elements by enabling them to become native to browsers such as Chrome, Safari, Firefox, IPhone, Opera, Android and IE. 

 

<VIDEO> ELEMENT SUPPORT

CHROME SAFARI   FIREFOX  IPHONE  OPERA  ANDROID  IE
3.0+ 3.0+ 3.5+ 1.0+  10.5+ 2.0+ 9.0+

 

Video container formats include Flash Video, Ogg, MPEG 4, WebM, Audio Video Interleave and DirectShow Filters etc. A video player performs three functions simultaneously during transmission. These include the display of serial images on screen by decoding the video stream, delivering the sound to the speakers by decoding the audio stream and interpreting the container format to determine the available video and audio tracks. It also establishes how they are stored in the file, to access the data that requires decoding next. The words ‘coder’ and ‘decoder’ are combined into what is known as a ‘codec’. This portmanteau is often applied to a video codec, which is an algorithm that encodes video streams.

When data is irretrievably lost during the encoding process, it is known as ‘lossy video codec’. However, the advantage is that it provides high compression rates and good image quality. Although there are multitudinous codecs, H.264, Theora and VP8 are the most relevant.

  • H.264: MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding/MPEG-4 AVC/MPEG-4 Part 10. Developed and patented by the MPEG Group, this provides a single codec for low and high bandwidth. This includes mobile phones, desktop computers, Blu-Ray players, Apple iTunes Store, Youtube and Android Mobile Operating Systems.
  • Theora: Developed by Xiph.org Foundation, evolved from the VP3 codec and can be embedded in any container format-although most often seen in an Ogg container. Moxilla Firefox also provides native support for Theora Video, without platform specific plug-ins. Other support includes all major Linux distributions for pre-installed Theora. Additionally, Xiph.org’s open source decoder software, enables Theora Video to play on Windows and Mac OS X. Most importantly, another benefit is that this codec is royalty-free.
  • VP8: Developed by On2- the same company that produced VP3. This video codec maintains a low decoding complexity level with H.264 Baseline, whilst generating output that is commensurate with H.264 High Profile. This is also licensed as royalty-free, since Google made it open source friendly.

There is no single combination of codecs and containers that operates in every web based HTML5 platform or device. Therefore to make video completely web accessible, you will need to encode it three times. To view which video codecs work most effectively in your web browsers, refer to the following tables:

 

VIDEO CODEC SUPPORT IN SHIPPING BROWSERS

CODECS/CONTAINER    IE  FIREFOX  SAFARI  CHROME  OPERA  IPHONE  ANDRIOD
Theora+Vorbis+Ogg    -  3.5+  †  5.0+  10.5+  -  -
H.264+AAC+MP4    -  -  3.0+  5.0±  -  3.0+  2.0+
WebM    -  -  †  6.0+  10.6+  -  -

 

† Safari will play anything that QuickTime can play. QuickTime comes pre-installed with H.264/AAC/MP4 support. There are installable third-party plugins that add support for Theora and WebM, but each user needs to install these plugins before Safari will recognize those video formats.
± Google Chrome will drop support for H.264 soon.

 

VIDEO CODEC SUPPORT IN UPCOMING BROWSERS

CODECS/CONTAINER    IE  FIREFOX  SAFARI  CHROME  OPERA  IPHONE  ANDRIOD
Theora+Vorbis+Ogg    -  3.5+  †  5.0+  10.5+  -  -
H.264+AAC+MP4   9.0+*  -  3.0+  -  -  3.0+  2.0+
WebM   9.0+ 4.0+  †  6.0+  10.6+  - 2.3±

 

* Internet Explorer 9 will only support WebM “when the user has installed a VP8 codec,” which implies that Microsoft will not be shipping the codec themselves.
† Safari will play anything that QuickTime can play, but QuickTime only comes with H.264/AAC/MP4 support pre-installed.
± Although Android 2.3 supports WebM, there are no hardware decoders yet, so battery life is a concern.

To support all the browsers you need to convert your video files to the following three formats.

To create all the files required for HTML5 video tag to function with cross browser compatibility, the following converter proves most useful.
www.mirovideoconverter.com

Video JS enables video embedding into any post or page via HTML5. This is one of the most customary video players available. Additionally, the Video JS team have created a WordPress plug-in that makes the installation process effortless. This Website Plug-in provides Flash fallback support for non-HTML5 browsers. View link to download: videojs.com

Although, HTML5 Video is the future for video play on the web, there are also technical issues that have arisen as a by-product. One example is a bug in iPhone and iPads, however it can be overcome with an upgrade to iOS 4.0. Another matter, is the licensing laws behind H.264 that prevents long-term free usage, yet is available on a gratuitous five year rotational cycle. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC#Patent_licensing

As HTML5’s draft specification for the video element is still evolving, the implementation of it has not been standardised. Having three different video formats instead of a universal one, increases developers workloads and is subsequently less cost effective. Each browser has taken its own approach to promote their preferred format. Hence, HTML5 Video may have improved online video viewing without third party plug-ins, however the coding time for the multiple browser formats has complicated a process, that was meant to be simplified.

Photo Competition Winner  

July 8th, 2011

Congratulations to the winner of Digital Mosaic’s photo competition-MANOLIS CHARALAMPOUS for the staggering amount of votes he acquired. He will be the proud owner of his masterpiece printed on canvas. Many thanks to all of the others who entered-we had some great pictures!